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1. Figure 2: Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions and methods of emissions measurement
2. Figure 3: This figure illustrates most of the top 18 emission sources, however, not all sources of emissions are displayed
   
3. Figure 4: The identified 18 emissions sources which together constitute 8% of ºÚÁϳԹÏÍø Health’s carbon footprint
4. Figure 5: The projected reduction in ºÚÁϳԹÏÍø Health’s emissions across all scopes from the baseline year of 2018/19 to 2049/5
5. Whole of life carbon

Figure 2: Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions and methods of emissions measurement

1. Scope 1:
   • Anaesthetic gases
   • Onsite fossil fuel use
   • Fossil fuel powered vehicles
2. Scope 2:
• Electricity
3. Scope 3:
   • Metered dose inhalers
   • Medicines
   • Medical devices
   • Staff commuting and business travel
   • Waste and resource use
   • Water
   • Construction
   • Visitor travel
   • Patient travel
   • Food and catering
   • Manufacturing and other supply chain

Top down estimation is calculated by expenditure by category multiplied by emissions intensity by category.

Bottom up estimation is calculated by activity of quantity (for example, fuel consumed) multiplied by emissions factor by activity or quantity.

The Process Life Cycle Assessment includes all stages of:

• extraction
• processing
• manufacturing
• assembly
• use
• end of life.

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Figure 3: This figure illustrates most of the top 18 emission sources, however, not all sources of emissions are displayed

1. Scope 1 emissions:
   • Nitrous oxide
   • HFCs refrigerants
   • Air ambulance
   • Natural gas
2. Scope 2 emissions:
• Electricity
3. Scope 3 emissions:
   • Surgical and medical
   • Pharmaceuticals
   • Electronic equipment
   • Food products
   • Cleaning
   • Textile products
   • Staff commute
   • General waste
   • Medical building repair and maintenance
   • Medical building construction.

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Figure 4: The identified 18 emissions sources which together constitute 80% of ºÚÁϳԹÏÍø Health’s carbon footprint

This pie chart illustrates the distribution of emissions by source, with each segment representing a different category and its corresponding percentage of total emissions.

Our top emission sources

• Electricity: 31.9%
• Electronic equipment: 7.4%
• Staff commute: 6.4%
• Medical building and construction: 5.6%
• Hospitals and nursing homes: 4.4%
• Pharmaceutical goods: 3.3%
• General waste: 3.3%
• Natural gas: 3.1%
• Food products: 3%
• Surgical and medical: 2.6%
• GPs, dentists, optometrists, and ambulance: 2.1%
• Hotels, clubs, restaurants, and cafes: 2.1%
• Textile products: 1.4%
• Air ambulance service: 1.3%
• Nitrous oxide: 1.3%
• HFC refrigerants: 1.2%
• Medical building repair and maintenance: 0.9%
• Cleaning: 0.9%

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Figure 5: The projected reduction in ºÚÁϳԹÏÍø Health’s emissions across all scopes from the baseline year of 2018/19 to 2049/50

Two line and area graphs illustrating the projected carbon emissions (in kilotonnes of COâ‚‚ equivalent, ktCOâ‚‚-e):

Reeduction in emissions by category and source

The graph shows a dramatic decline in emissions over time to reach net zero by 2050, by reducing emissions in:

• Healthcare:
• ºÚÁϳԹÏÍø grid decarbonisation
• Switch to low carbon medicines
• Reduce anaesthetic gas
• Land and buildings:
  • Reduce nitrous oxide waste
  • Switch to low-GWP refrigerants
  • Upgrade building energy efficiency
  • Use low-carbon building materials
• Energy and water:
• Electrify assets
• Supply chain:
  • Invest in circular initiatives
  • Decarbonise supply chains
• Travel and transport:
  • Shift to sustainable aviation fuel
  • Adopt telemedicine
  • Reduce travel emissions
• Food services:
  • Reduce food waste
• Other sources:
  • Address residual emission sources
  • Research, innovation and offsetting.

Each source represents a policy or program that cuts emissions. Pathways are based on modelling, real hospital activity and input from across ºÚÁϳԹÏÍø Health. Targets align with government policy and roadmap milestones through to 2050.

The graph also displays a forecast of carbon emissions without action taken and estimates emissions increasing from approximately 2900 in 2018/19 to 3750 in 2049/50.

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Whole of life carbon

Whole of life carbon includes embodied carbon as:

1. Upfront carbon
   1. Product: Raw material sourcing, transport and manufacturing
   2. Construction: Transport and installation
2. Use and operational carbon
1. Use carbon
   Building maintenance, repair, replacement and refurbishment
2. Operational carbon
   Operational energy use
3. End of life carbon
   Deconstruction/demolition, transport, waste processing and disposal.

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